INTRODUCTION.
This research project employs the methodology of document analysis, encompassing the documentation, analysis, production, and critical chronological and diagrammatic interpretation of the history of Modern Malaysian architecture. The emphasis of this project lies in critically analyzing Malaysian architecture post-Merdeka/Independence to comprehend the impacts of post-modernism on architectural design, construction, building science and technology, and urban design. The objective is to discern how various factors collectively contribute to the evolution of Modern Malaysian architecture. The progression of the project will entail active engagement in discussions, analytical interpretations, and consultations with the tutor.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES.
-
To allow students to undertake a research comparative analysis process on Modern Malaysian architectural practices throughout history through literature review and document analysis and present an appropriate chronological account of Malaysian architecture based on the understanding gained through the analysis procedure.
-
To familiarize students with the activities of culmination and production of a research analysis through assemblage, chronological indices, and evaluation of information; composing and organization of study; assembly of illustration and text; design layout composition.
-
To introduce visual and critical thinking through learning from precedents with diagramming, and to introduce the basic principles of form, space, and order in the architectural design of Modern Malaysian architecture. The analysis is based on, but not limited to, the following:
a) Organization of Form
b) Organization of Space
c) Circulation and Paths-Space Relationship
d) Axis and Relations of Axes
e) Massing
f) Symmetry and Balance
g) Rhythm and Repetition
LEARNING OUTCOMES.
-
Employ appropriate visual and verbal architectural vocabulary when referring to building types, series, and periods.
-
Show the appropriate sequence of historical periods and how they are represented architecturally.
-
Discover the way in which many varied factors contribute to the development of form.
TASKS.
METHODOLOGY.
Each student had to select five historical buildings from the specified periods. We were tasked with conducting research and architectural analysis on the buildings of our choice, presented in the form of a coloured A4 Sketch Booklet. The Sketch Booklet would include a sketch analysis, along with pertinent information detailing the building's description. It would also address contextual issues such as political, social, economic, cultural, and architectural trends that contributed to the development of the specific building.
SKETCH BOOKLET
STONEHENGE
Stonehenge, located in Wiltshire, England, is a prehistoric monument renowned for its unique architectural features. Constructed between approximately 3000 BCE and 2000 BCE, it comprises large sarsen stones arranged in a circular formation, with some topped by lintels in a trilithon design. Surrounding Stonehenge is a circular earthwork, and its alignment suggests possible astronomical or ceremonial significance.
PYRAMIDS OF GIZA
The Pyramids of Giza, located near Cairo, Egypt, are among the most iconic architectural marvels of ancient times.
Constructed during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, around 2580–2560 BCE, these pyramids were monumental tombs for pharaohs. The largest, the Great Pyramid of Khufu (or Cheops), stands as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
The pyramids showcase advanced architectural and engineering techniques for their time, with precise alignment, intricate internal chambers, and massive limestone blocks used in their construction.
THE COLOSSEUM
The Colosseum, located in Rome, Italy, is an ancient amphitheater renowned for its architectural ingenuity. Constructed between 70-80 AD, it boasts a distinctive elliptical design, with a capacity to accommodate up to 80,000 spectators.
The structure's innovative use of arches and vaults showcases advanced Roman engineering techniques, while its multiple levels and intricate seating arrangements highlight its function as a premier venue for public spectacles, including gladiatorial contests and theatrical performances.
FLORENCE CATHEDRAL
The Florence Cathedral, also known as the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, is a renowned architectural marvel located in Florence, Italy.
Completed in the 15th century, its most distinctive feature is its massive dome, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi, which stands as a testament to Renaissance engineering prowess. The cathedral's facade showcases intricate Gothic Revival designs, while its interior houses notable artworks and intricate marble floor mosaics.
NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL
The Notre-Dame Cathedral, located in Paris, France, is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture.
Constructed over centuries starting in the 12th century, its architectural highlights include flying buttresses, intricate rose windows, and a majestic spire.
The cathedral's layout showcases the characteristic Gothic rib vaults, pointed arches, and a central nave that accentuates verticality, drawing the eye heavenward.
REFLECTION.
"
The project was definitely challenging, albeit, interesting to say the least. I believe that the objective was not just to depict the buildings or the structures, but rather, to delve deeper into their architectural essence through sketches. And I did so, by extensive research. I learned that each historic building has a story of architectural evolution as well as innovation. Although sketching isn't my strongest suit, I tried my best to compensate by capturing the intricacies and slight nuances of age-old structures in the form of lines, shadows, and colors. The A4 format posed a challenge for me, as it demanded a balance between detail and the overall composition. However, my multiple preliminary sketches aided me in compiling relevant information by making proper utilization of the space. I believe that I was able to somewhat convey the evolution of architectural styles, techniques, and the philosophies of each structure. Overall, this project not only enhanced my sketching skills but also deepened my appreciation for the profound impact of architecture on our lives.